Unloading valve



F. J. STRNAD UNLOADING VALVE Jan. 5, 1954 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 21 1950 f'mhlfinzad ATTORNEYS TRNAD UNLOADING VALVE 4 Sheets-s 2 Filed June 21, 1950 nn fl W/E, v/ll/ i a A INVENTOR l/J'JJZJM TTORNEYS F. J. STRNAD UNLOADING VALVE Jan 5, 1954 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June 21, 1950 Z EEE= K W M w 5:6 I NVENTOR fiwalfimad ATTORNEYS Jan. 5, 1954 F. J. STRNAD 2,664,903

UNLOADING VALVE Filed June 21, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 igg ssa [I :I I 'I INVENTOR A O'RNEYS provision of an automatic unloading valve having a directional spool for controlling the flow of fluid delivered thereby by a pump, and a pilot spool for operating the directional spool by controlling the application of existing accumulator pressure to the opposite ends of the directional spool, the pilot valve being provided with an axially located passageway having radial ports for directing the passage of accumulator pressure to the ends of the directional valve.

A further object of the invention is the provision of an automatic unloading valve having a directional spool, and a pilot spool for controlling operation of the directional spool, the directional and pilot spools each having substantially equal surface areas at the opposite ends thereof in contact with the walls of the chambers in which they are positioned so that lapping of a true cylindrical surface without the customary taper is facilitated.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent during the course of the following description.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification and in which like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same,

Figure 1 is an elevational view of an unloading valve embodying this invention,

Figure 2 is a plan view of the unloading valve illustrated in Fig. 1,

Figure 3 is an elevational view of the unloading valve taken at right angles to the view of Fig. 1,

Figure 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line 4-4 of, and turned 90 degrees with respect to, Fig. 3,

Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line 55 of, and turned 90 degrees with respect to, Fig. 3,

Figure 6 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 2,

Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 1-1 of Fig. 2, and

Figure 8 is a schematic sectional view of the unloading valve, and a diagrammatic representation of a pressure fluid power transmission system with which it is associated.

In the drawings, wherein for the purpose of illustration is shown a preferred embodiment of the invention, and first particularly referring to Figs. 1 to '7, inclusive, reference character II designates a valve body member closed at its top by a combined cap and spring housing I2 positioned in sealing engagement therewith and secured thereto by screws I3, or the like. A lug [4 extends outwardly from the cap I2 and is provided with an aperture I5 to accommodate a fastening device, not shown, for mounting the unloading valve on a suitable support. The body member II is provided with an inlet port I6 adapted to be threadedly connected to a pipe I1 for fluid communication with a pressure fluid supply source and a pressure outlet port I8 and a by-pass outlet port I9 adapted, respectively, to be threadedly connected to the pipes 2I and 22.

Referring now to Figs. 4 to '1, inclusive, for a detail description of the interior construction and mechanism of the unloading valve, the inlet port I6 is in open communication with a passageway 23 in the body member I I which is intersected by a branch passage 24 that extends from the outer surface of the body member I I to the interior of the unloading valve. The outer end portion of the branch passage 24 is sealed by the tapered plug 25. Below the branch passage 24 the passageway 23 is enlarged to form a chamber 26 having a tapered peripheral seating surface 21 at its upper end.

A check valve 28 is positioned in the chamber 26 and is provided with a fluted guide 29 to direct its movements toward and away from the seating surface 21. The upper edge 3I of the check valve member 28 is adapted to engage the seating surface 21 in sealing relationship. A compression spring 32 urges the check valve 26 into "sealing contact with the seating surface 21. The

outer end of the chamber 26 is sealed by a cap screw 33 which is provided with a depression 34 for receiving and guiding the spring 32.

A second branch passage 35 extends inwardly from the chamber 26 for communication with the outlet port I8 through means which will be described later.

A directional spool chamber 36 is formed in the stationary sleeve 31 which is press fitted in a bore 38 in the body member I I. Above the upper end of the chamber 36 the cap I2 is formed. with a chamber 39. The upper end portion of the sleeve 31 is provided with a positionin shoulder H for engaging an offset 42 in the bore 38. The lower end portion of the sleeve 31 is closed and sealed against leakage by cap screw 43.

The periphery of the sleeve 31 is provided with a series of longitudinally spaced annular grooves 45, 46, 41 and 48. The groove 45 is provided with a port 49 communicating with the adjacent end portion of the directional spool chamber 36. The groove 46 connects the inner end of the branch passage 35 to the pressure outlet port I8 and does not communicate with the directional spool chamber 36. The groove 41 is in radial alinement with the inner end of the branch passage 24 and is provided with ports 5I connecting the groove 41 to the central portion of the directional spool chamber 36. The groove 48 is in open communication with the by-pass outlet port I9 and is provided with ports 52 connecting the groove with the directional spool chamber 36.

A directional spool 53 is positioned in the dlrectional spool chamber 36 for axial movement relative thereto. The upper end portion 54 and the lower end portion 55 of the spool 53 are of equal length and are closely fitted in the chamber 36 to provide sealing engagement with the sleeve 31. The centra1 portion 56 of the spool 53 is of reduced diameter to permit free communication through the ports 5I between the groove 41 and the directional spool chamber 36 throughout the entire range of movement of the directional spool 53. A projection 51 on the lower end of the directional spool 56 contacts the cap screw 43 to limit downward movement of the spool. At the upper end of the directional spool 53, a projection 56 extends into the chamber 36 of the spring housing I2. A hollow cap 56 is positioned over the projection 58 in chamber 36 and is engaged by the spring 6| which is compressed between the flange 62 of the cap and the top wall of the chamber 33. When the directional spool 56 is in its lowermost position, the

cap 59 rests on the top of the sleeve 31. Upward movement of the directional spool causes a corresponding movement of the cap 59 to further compress the spring 6I. Contact of the cap 69 and the top of chamber 39 will limit upward movement of the directional spool.

Referring now to Figs. 6 and 7, it will be appreciated that port 49 will provide constant communication between groove 45 and the lower end portion of the directional spool chamber 36 and that [5.1 and groove 4-1 will Provide eonstant oommunication lbetween branch passage 34 and (the lcentral portion or the directional spool member 36 throughout the range of movement of the directional spool 53. The ports 52 and groove A8, however, provide communication between the .loy-passloutlet port t9 .and the oentral portion of the directional spool chamber only when the directional spool 53 ismoyed upwardly to place the oentralportion 56 .of the spool in zradial alinement with the ports 52.

Referring once again to Figs. 4 to 51, .inolusilre. a pilot spool iohamber 5.3 :formedin the sleeve which is pressrfltted in the bore *55 of the .hody member ;I I.. 'llheiohamberfl isinalinementwith the (chamber 15.6 in the leap 12. The lower (end portion of the pilot spool chamber .63 is sealed against leakage by a going 5-1, having :a reduced inner lendipontion 88 extending :intorthe .lowenend portion of thelnilot pool ohamberp The periphery of the sleeve provi ed with a series of longitudinally spaoed annula g ooves 59,. J 1,, .12 and 1.3. The groove BQisproridedw-ith 33. ort 14 for ooxmnunication withthe lower end portion of the p lot spool chamber 6.3.. grodres :11 and 12 are provided with ports end .15, respectivelmror lcommunication with the eontral portion of the pilot spool chamber .63. {File 311mm 13 15 provided :With ports IL! for communie tion with the upper end portion of the loilot spool shamber {63.

.A pilot spool 1.8 .-is positioned in the eliamber 6.3 .for limited axial movements. line upper end portion 19 and the lower end portion M :of the pilot spool -18 are of equal length landare closely fitted into the chamber :63 to proyide .-;sea1in oontact therewith. Immediatelyabove the lower end portion :81, the diameter :of tile nil tspoel is reduced for a relatively short portion :to form an annular groove 82. .Asroove F83, of less mile-.1 length han the gro ve .82, is formed inwardly of the upp r end portion 3 9 :by a .re 1 etion in th diameterof the spool. The center portion of the pilot sp ol 1.8 is of reduced diameter is p es de an annular groove '84. The arrangement of the groove 15.83 anal! issuch as to .pnorideae seal m surface .85 .of a given len th mtmeen the groove 8,2 and 18.4 and a sealing snrfaee :85 ota slightly greater length between the as and 84. provided wi h an annular groore 8f! :line -with the I?! and of slightly greater than the \d ameteror the It will be apn eiated that, since the runner end p t 54 and the lower end nortion .oI the directional spool 5.3 are of equal length, the areas of contact with the walllof the ehamter-rii at opposite ends of the SW01 are equal, adimi larlr, the sum of the lengths of the sinner end portion 129 and sealing surraoe 5 a one rend 1 the pilot spool 18 is substantially semi tozthe 1.1m of the lengths of the lower end portion m and sealing surface 485 at the ether-end of the spool- Th equalization of em act lsnizface faoilitete lapping of a true .eyl nder to provide a time ..free, and .oilt eht lap of the sh a -53 and 1.8 in their ne peotire ehambers 3.6 and 568.. In the absen e of .suo equalization of lsuriaoes, the cylindrical surface is customarily mpelled during the lapping operation.

The nilot spool .18 nrori ed with an arranged pas ag way 5.8 extending ts lower end to a p int radially inwardly tithe eroore 88. passageway :88 presid d linth'lower oorts 8.9 an upper ports .=9l tor conn etinz the pais- 'Ilhe The inner surface of sleeve '6 i limited movement or the Pil t spool mower with the 17091! 82 landzfiu, respectively. The passageway :88 and. impel. andlowerzn m Q8 and All Provid constant c mmunication hetween the lower ond of the pilot spool chamber 63 and the grooves 82 and 83.

The upperend of the pilot-spool J8 ipmvided with'a projection $2.2... A hollow sun 53 is positioned over the projection .82 and isgrrovided with a .liangetd afor engaging a spring 595 lacinpressed between it and the top walllof thelohamr her :66. A port E56,, .having ,a pipe .0] threadedly connected thereto, acts "to drain tram zohamber ii any fluid which may accumulate therein.

Referring $110M @to .Fig. .7, Tit will be :seen -.that groove -55 :is in constant communication with the lowerlend portion of the pilot spool ehamber M through the port 14. fllhegroove ll is in .com-. munication wild; the remove .84 through the '5 only when the lpilot spool :18 is -in its.;1ow p most position. When the pilot spool 18 :moves upwar ly, the :ports 35 :ar :nrst .olosed hy the Sealing surface .85 and up n :further movmnt of thepilot spool the groove 2 "t mes into t me. ment with theportsfi so lthet the groove I'll is communication through the ports 515, the gnome 82, the ports 89 land :the passageway $8 with the lower end portion of the pilot spool-chamber 53'. The groove 12 is in .zoommun eation with he groove 2 through the -;.ports 5H5 throughout the li e roove :is in communication with the groove 83 through the ports 11 and groove 81 when pilot spool is in its lowermost :posii-ton As t pilot spool mores @upwardly, the groove :83! by the sealing :snniaoe 86. "upon iurther movement of th zpilot spool 55,, the roove 8:! is opened to the rsroor =84 h :nilot spoo so th ge ooice :13 is in ooinmunioation with t e lower end portion of the pil s ool chambe 6 through the ports groove e1, ports All and passageway 88. morement of the :pilot spool 18 ifrnm i lowermost toitsunpermostposition, z-the-seelience of ing and :closing of ports '15 sand l will ooonrzas follows;

first, he ports 15 are le mpletely lelosed by the se ling surface &5 while the sports 5! ar kept open for the roove :81- "r'I'he Emoue 1.81 i next elosed any the sealing snriace .85., t which time both the ports if! :and 1.5 are close 8.81M eminently, the It .are opened to the groove 82 while the groove :81 remains elosed. Finally, the $111 .15 spool i8 :IHOM'QS into its nippolmost position where the ports 55 are opened :to the groove H through the genome :81! and the Ports 1-5 ar opened to the groove 82.

the sequence wnieh the gpfillts J5 and i 1 are opened and :fiLQfifid during the return move-- :mt of the pilot spool 18 willow-n1 {as m ztne groove 28. telosed my -;the sealing .simtade $5 while the ports 55 remain (open to provide oommlmicetion between the g ooves I l and :81. Next, the pants J5 sale closed Joy sealing surface While the groove 5;! 1111. closed; .fiubsequently, groove :8?! is opened to Bromide communication between the erooyes $18 and it throu h nor-ts 1.1 while the ports Hi5 res elosed. Finally, the ports 15 are ope ed to apmmide mrnmunieation between the genomes H and it! whil the nor-ts 51:1 remain open to provide commimieation ihetmeen the zeroes/re .183 and 13..

Hr rotor-ring to Figs. a e and i7, :it w ll he groove II, a passageway 89 connecting groove 69 with the groove 46, a passageway II connecting groove 48 with the groove I2, and a passageway I02 connecting groove I3 with the chamber 38 in the cap I2.

Referring now to Fig. 8 for a detail description of the schematic illustration of the unloading valve, disclosed in detail in Figs. 1 to 7, inclusive, and its relationship with a typical pressure fluid power transmission system, reference character IIa designates a body member which is the equivalent of the body member H, cap I2, plugs 25 and 61, cap screws 33 and 43 and sleeves 3! and 64 of Figs. 1 to '7, inclusive. The body member Ila is provided with an inlet port I6a connected to the pipe IT for providing a flow path for the pressure fluid from the pump I03. A pipe I04 provides communication between the inlet to the pump I03 and the fluid reservoir or sump I05.

The body member IIa also is provided with a pressure outlet port IBa and a by-pass outlet port I8a. The pressure outlet port Illa is connected to the pipe 2| providing fluid communication with an accumulator I06 which receives fluid from the pump I03 for delivery through pipe I0I to the work-performing portion of the pressure fluid power transmission system. The bypass outlet port I9a is connected to the pipe 22 which provides fluid communication with the tank I that is substantially at atmospheric pressure.

A passageway 23a, functionally corresponding to the passageway 23, branch passage 24, groove 41 and ports 5I of the unloading valve of Figs. 1 to 'I, inclusive, provides communication from the inlet port I6a to the interior of the valve body and to a chamber 25a. A check valve 28a is positioned in the chamber 25a and is caused to engage the tapered seating surface 21a by the spring 32a.

A branch passage 35a, corresponding to the branch passage 35 and groove 46 of the valve illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7, inclusive, provides communication between the chamber 26a and the pressure outlet port I8a. The body member IIa is provided with a directional spool chamber 3611 and a chamber 39a corresponding to the chambers 36 and 39, respectively, of the valve of Figs. 1 to '7, inclusive.

The directional spool 53, cap 59 and spring 6| are positioned in the chambers 36a, and 39a. These elements are identical to those illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7, inclusive, and corresponding reference characters have been used to indicate like portions of the same.

The inner end of the passageway 23a opens into the directional spool chamber 36a in alinement with the central, reduced portion 56 of the directional spool. A passageway 46a, corresponding to the groove 48 and ports 52 of Figs. 1 to '7, inclusive, provides communication between the by-pass outlet port I9a and the directional spool chamber 36a.

The body member I Ia is provided with a pilot spool chamber 63a and a chamber 66a, corresponding to the chambers 63 and 65 of Figs. 1 to 7, inclusive. The pilot spool I8, cap 03 and spring 95 are positioned in the chambers 63a and 66a. These elements are identical to the similarly numbered elements of Figs. 1 to 7, inclusive. The chamber 66a is provided with a drain 95a connected to a pipe 9! for communication with the tank I05.

Passageway 99a in the body member I Ia func- 8 tionally corresponds to the passageway 88', groove 69 and port 14 of Figs. 1 to '7, inclusive, while passageway 98a corresponds to the port 48, groove 45, passageway 98, groove II and port I5. and passageway I0 Ia corresponds to the passageway IOI, groove I2 and port I6. Also, passageway I02a corresponds to the passageway I02, groove I3 and ports 11 of Figs. 1 to 7, inclusive.

For greater clarity, it is believed the operation of the unloading valve of this invention can best be described in connection with the schematic i1- lustration of Fig. 8.

In describing the operation of the unloading valve, it will be assumed that at the start of the initial loading cycle no pressure exists in the accumulator I06. The directional spool 53 and the pilot valve spool I8 will, therefore, be held in their lowermost positions by the springs 6| and 95, respectively, and the check valve member 28a will be seated against the surface 21a by the relatively light spring 32a.

As the pump I 03 begins to operate, fluid is drawn from tank I05 through the pipe I04 and forced through the pipe I1 and the inlet port I6a into the passageway 23a. Since the directional spool 53 is in its lowermost position, no outlet for the fluid is provided through the directional spool chamber 36a to the passageway 48a. Sufiicient pressure, therefore, is developed in the passageway 23a to unseat check valve 20a and the fluid will flow through the chamber 26a and passageway 35a to the pressure outlet port I8a and thence through the pipe 2| to the accumulator I06.

The accumulator stores the fluid received from the unloading valve at a gradually increasing pressure which acts through the passageway 09a on the lower end surface of the pilot spool 18. This accumulator pressure also acts through the passageway 88, the ports SI in the pilot spool, the passageway I 02a and the chamber 39a to supplement the force exerted by the spring 6I for holding the directional spool 53 in its lowermost position. At this time, the lower end portion of the directional spool 53 is subjected, by way of the passageway 98a, the pilot spool chamber 63a, the passageway mm and the passageway 46a, to the pressure in the outlet port I9a which is substantially atmospheric.

It will be noted that the rising accumulator pressure which exists in the chamber 39a and the substantially atmospheric pressure which exists at the lower end portion of the directional spool 53 create a pressure differential which will hold the spool in its lowermost position.

The rising pressure in the accumulator I06, acting on the lower end portion of the pilot spool I8 against the pressure of the spring 95, will effect a gradual upward movement of this spool as the spring is compressed. This upward movement of the pilot spool I8 causes the sealing surface to close one end of the passageway 98a. A continued rise in the pressure in the accumulator I06 causes the sealing surface 86 to close the passageway I02a. At this time the differentral pressure acting on the opposite ends of the directional spool 53 remains unchanged and no movement will have been imparted to the directional spool.

A still further rise in the pressure in the accumulator I06 will cause the sealing surface 85 to move past the passageway 98a so that the pressure fluid in the accumulator will flow through the passageway 88, the ports 89 and the passageway 98a to the lower end portion 01 spool chamber wher t. will ax: eat; an unw s tome. on the ower end; su taoe 9i it ctional spo l The. lipid in the monster, is. confined therein by .s. s 8 and w ll prerent th d -ne imp mar ne in a upward direc ionti l; ither increase hev p essure the 111%L ill-tut cause thesea ina surfacalifi he. pi ot S ool to e mores boy. .11 the pas: We so. t at. the. pr ss re. the v ch n; f e be reduced o. atm spheric by Q n throu h th passageway 193a, he. pilot 599 some: Q39. passa ewa .Ul and the Pas a e. 5.8% .At this point the operation itinerant, thea eumulator pressure is a plied: to. he. lower and of: the d e Y W .i 2 9i .3. act to, mpart upward spool; that. he. passa eway lwaifi m -2 1 with the. passa e: r t

a Zeincrement o the p lo spool 18. about t e ahpredescnibed unloadin on. t ied b heme-pure. ofthe spon es i tha mov ment of. the.

913.9%? of he directional spool 53 29 293. the epr iw the accumulator J05. has tea hes the as e max um anemone not through the lay-pass t V t is? .92 to the tank 1&5 with ssur b exerted again t the flow d J the; ,n that ou t pi'pe friction. wil eiated that the relatively e ficti na spool .53. Wil remain in its .up-

permost position untilteriollgh has been 'dee I A this point the pressure difierentiallapplied to the opposite ends of the g irectional spool willpe unchanged and p1 999 i ma i pos tion- Further reduction of the fluid pressure in the accumulator I05 will cause further downward movement of the pilot spool 18 so that the sealing surface 85 will be moved to cover the passageway 98a. The sealing surface 85 then will confine the fluid in the lower portion of the directional spool chamber 36a so that no downward movement of the directional spool 53 can occur.

A further drop in the fluid pressure in the accumulator I06 will produce further downward movement of the pilot spool 18 to cause the sealing surface 86 to move past the passageway I02a at which time the accumulator pressure will act through the assaeeurax 8.8., the 9 the. use: sa awax. lam and th chamber 339. o. .eRP downwardly. directed tome 91 th an e face. of the. directiona spool. 5thowever. the. one; the. aw chamber. st lloonfined race 35 so that no. domwaro; mores.

directional spool 5e O cur h flui mes y t e l lii has dropped to o erat l esel te th pilot spool. it wi lhave m ped d vn yambt to, its. lowermost position at which 2 he. se l: ins. snrtace 8 wi l here. m ved past h passes: aaaaa to reduce. the. pressu .i thel uer 99.2.: ti nv of the direction s ool ch mbe 3' to. at: mosphex c ressure. as, a. re ult o fl id 9K tarnish. the pa sasieyvia 3a. t e pilot who chamuersfifio. the assa ewa tit e, and. the ee: sa eway. 58o.- t this time, the preyiouslr an: lied flu d.- pressure. n the c ambeh 3.9 will cau e downward m em n of. the irectiona spool it to olosepom nunma on betwe n the naes sawa 23a and Aeo- Elam en erin the table. t ain pump 103 will, theretore, e. ioroed to. flow past the, check valve. memb r. 2.8.11. and into. the are oumulator. 1.05 to. replenish th supply and; aise thepressure .ot the fluid. t e. accumulator to. max mum oneratina pxessure- .The. drain 616a in'chamberjfia, merelrproyides for the, return to tank L05 any. fluid leak n .Dast thepilotspool 18 into the chamber $6.0.

It will be appreciated that .by proper oalioraa tion of the spring 95 .ther'an'ge between the maximum and 'm-inin'ium operating pressures may' lbe varied to meet the specific'requirements of -"any particular fluid pressure power transmission st a V. It is to be understood that the form ofthe invefltfo'ri hr'e'wi'tli shoWhhfid lies'cribdis ifidbe tailienasa pfefle'rre'dex fifple oftlie same; arid that vai io' s, a chcl v'ailve preventing reverse flow or" fluid from the accumulator to the inlet port, a directional spool positioned in its chamber and movable by the selective application of accumulator fluid pressure and fluid supply tank pressure to its opposite ends to establish and interrupt an unloading connection between said inlet port and said supply tank outlet port, a pilot spool positioned in its chamher with one entire end face constantly exposed to the accumulator fluid pressure prevailing in said one end of the chamber, a spring acting on the pilot spool to oppose the force of the accumulator fluid pressure, said spring being calibrated to effect, in cooperation with said accumulator fluid pressure, gradual movement of said pilot spool in opposite directions as the accumulator fluid pressure varies between preselected minimum and maximum pressure values, said pilot spool having an axial passageway opening through its end face which is exposed to the accumulator pressure and three longitudinally spaced peripheral grooves, the outer two of said grooves being in open communication with said axial passageway and being spaced to alternately register with said first and second passageways when the pilot spool occupies the opposite end positions of its path of travel, and the intermediate groove being of sufiicient width to register with said third passageway at all positions occupied by the pilot spool and to also register alternately, but in the reverse order to said outer grooves, with said first and second passageways when the pilot spool occupies the opposite H end positions of its path of travel.

2. An unloading valve as defined in claim 1, further characterized by the said three grooves being spaced to form therebetween two peripheral surfaces of sufiicient width and relative location to simultaneously seal both of said first and second passageways while the pilot spool i moving a substantial portion of the distance between its opposite end positions, so that the directional spool will be moved in opposite directions to establish and interrupt said unloading connection only as the maximum and minimum pressure values are attained in the accumulator.

3. An unloading valve as defined in claim 2, further characterized by the individual widths of the sealing surface and the adjacent end of the outer passageway at one end of the pilot spool being suiliciently greater than the corresponding widths of the sealing surface and the adjacent end of the outer passageway at the other end of the pilot to cause, during movement of the pilot spool in either direction, the outer groove at the trailing end of the pilot spool to register with its respective one of said first and second passageways prior to the registering of the intermediate groove with the other of said first and second passageways, whereby the application of the accumulator fluid pressure to either end of the directional spool will precede the release of the accumulator fluid pressure from the other end of the directional spool.

4. An unloading valve, comprising a body member having an inlet port in open communication with a. continuous ource of pumped pressure fluid, an outlet port in open communication with an accumulator for said pressure fluid, an outlet port connected to a pump fluid supply tank at atmospheric pressure, a directional spool chamber communicating with said inlet port and said supply tank outlet port at longitudinally spaced locations, a pilot spool chamber having one end in open communication with said accumulator 12 outlet port, first and second passageway connecting the opposite end portions of said directional spool chamber to spaced portions of said pilot spool chamber, and a third passageway connecting the intermediate portion of the directional spool chamber at said supply tank outlet port location with a portion of said pilot spool chamber intermediate said spaced portions; a check valve preventing reverse flow of fluid from the accumulator to the inlet port, a directional spool positioned in its chamber and movable in opposite directions to establish and interrupt an unloading connection between said inlet port and said supply tank outlet port when the accumulator fluid pressure is applied alternately to one or the other of its opposite ends and the end portion of the chamber associated with the other end of the directional spool is connected to the supply tank outlet port, a pilot spool positioned in its chamber with one entire end face constantly exposed to the accumulator fluid pressure prevailing in said one end of the chamber, a spring act ing on the pilot spool to oppose the force of the accumulator fluid pressure, said spring being calibrated to permit movement of the pilot spool by the accumulator fluid pressure after said pressure reaches a certain minimum value and, in cooperation with said accumulator fluid pressure, to effect gradual movement of said pilot spool in opposite directions as the accumulator fluid pressure varies between said minimum pressure value and a certain maximum pressure value, said pilot spool having an axial passageway opening through its end face which is exposed to the accumulator pressure and three longitudinally spaced peripheral grooves, the outer two of said grooves being in open communication with said axial passageway and being spaced to alternately register with said first and second passageways when the pilot spool occupie the opposite end positions of its path of travel, and the intermediate groove being of sufficient width to register with said third passageway at all positions occupied by the pilot spool and to also register alternately, but in the reverse order to said outer grooves, with said first and second passageways when the pilot spool occupies the opposite end positions of the path of travel.

FRANK J. STRNAD.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,316,445 Marshall Apr. 13, 1943 2,447,820 Schultz Aug. 24, 1948 2,474,122 Schneck June 21, 1949 2,513,681 Schultz July 4, 1950 2,545,712 Stevenson Mar. 20, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 589,644 Great Britain Dec. 23, 1942 

